Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

Article Title: OK-432 Acts as Adjuvant to Modulate T Helper 2 Inflammatory Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma

doi: 10.1155/2018/1697276

Figure Lengend Snippet: OK-432 is a strong Th1 adjuvant. (a) Schematic diagram depicting protocols for immunization protocol. The immune responses of B6 mice immunized with different formulations were determined. The levels of IFN- γ (b) and IL-4 (c) in culture supernatants, in which spleen cells were stimulated by 100 μ g/ml OVA for 6 days, and the titers of OVA-specific IgG2a (e) and IgG1 (f) in sera were measured by ELISA. The ratios of Th1/Th2 cytokine (d) and immunoglobulin (g) are shown. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM from two independent experiments ( n = 3–6 per group). ∗ p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Next, biotinylated rat anti-mouse IgG1 (A85-1), IgG2a (R19-15), and IgE (R35-118) monoclonal antibodies (all from BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA) were added into the plates and incubated at 37°C for one hour.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of Immunology Research

Article Title: OK-432 Acts as Adjuvant to Modulate T Helper 2 Inflammatory Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma

doi: 10.1155/2018/1697276

Figure Lengend Snippet: OVA/OK-432 formula induces more Th1 responses but controls Th2 reactions. The levels of IFN- γ (a), IL-4 (b), and IL-5 (g) in culture supernatants, in which spleen cells were restimulated by 100 μ g/ml OVA for 6 days in vitro, are shown. (c) IFN- γ /IL-4 ratios were calculated and depicted. The levels of OVA-IgG2a (d) and OVA-IgG1 (e) in sera were determined by ELISA. (f) OVA-IgG2a/OVA-IgG1 ratio from indicated mice was calculated and depicted. The titers of OVA-IgE (h) and total IgE (i) in sera from each group are shown. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM ( n = 8–12 per group) from three independent experiments. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Next, biotinylated rat anti-mouse IgG1 (A85-1), IgG2a (R19-15), and IgE (R35-118) monoclonal antibodies (all from BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA) were added into the plates and incubated at 37°C for one hour.

Techniques: In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antifungal Mechanism of Action of Lactoferrin: Identification of H + -ATPase (P 3A -Type) as a New Apoptotic-Cell Membrane Receptor

doi: 10.1128/AAC.03130-15

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of the plasma membrane lactoferrin-binding protein of C. albicans. (A) Far-Western blot of interaction between lactoferrin and an ∼100-kDa protein. Partial SDS-PAGE images show the protein bands corresponding to the bands detected by far-Western blotting. Lane 1, human lactoferrin (hLf). Lane 2, plasma membrane (PM) proteins incubated with hLf. hLfb, hLf bound to an ∼100-kDa protein. Lane 3, PM proteins incubated with anti-Pma1p. Far-Western membranes were stripped and challenged with either anti-hLf biotinylated antibody (lanes 1 and 2) or mouse anti-Pma1p monoclonal antibody (lane 3). The location of anti-Pma1p using a secondary antibody (IgG biotinylated antibody) is shown. Binding of biotinylated antibodies was visualized by addition of streptavidin-HRP polymer conjugate and a chromogenic substrate. (B) Identification of the plasma membrane hLf-binding protein by LC-MS/MS MRM. Nine trypsin peptides were detected by LC-MS/MS analysis corresponding to the C. albicans protein Pma1p (UniProt entry P28877; PMA1_CANAX). MW, molecular weight; m/z, experimentally determined mass-to-charge ratio; dotp, dot product.

Article Snippet: Goat anti-mouse IgG secondary biotinylated antibody and anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody were purchased from Abnova Co. (Taipei, Taiwan).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Binding Assay, Far Western Blot, SDS Page, Incubation, Western Blot, Polymer, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Molecular Weight